Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in men, which may occur in one or both breasts. It is especially common during puberty and may cause self-confidence issues, poor posture, and social withdrawal. The most effective and permanent treatment is surgery.
Before the operation, the density of the breast tissue, skin elasticity, and the degree of sagging are evaluated to determine the most suitable surgical technique. Maintaining a balanced diet and stable weight after surgery is essential for long-lasting results.
Medical Definition
Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue caused by an imbalance between estrogen and testosterone levels. It can affect one or both breasts and is often seen in newborns, adolescents, and older men due to natural hormonal fluctuations. Although it is usually not a serious medical problem, it can cause aesthetic and psychological discomfort. In persistent cases, surgery may be required.
Causes
Gynecomastia typically results from decreased testosterone or increased estrogen levels. This hormonal imbalance can be caused by aging, certain medications, alcohol or drug use, endocrine disorders, or tumors. It is common during puberty and becomes more frequent after age 50. Tumors of the testicles, adrenal glands, or pituitary gland may also affect hormone production and lead to gynecomastia.
Symptoms
The most common symptom is noticeable breast enlargement and tenderness. Sometimes pain, tightness, or asymmetry may occur. If nipple discharge, hard tissue, or unilateral growth is observed, a plastic surgeon should be consulted promptly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on physical examination, medical history, and lifestyle assessment. If necessary, hormone tests, ultrasound, MRI, or biopsy may be performed. It is important to distinguish true gynecomastia from “pseudo-gynecomastia” caused by fat accumulation. Rarely, male breast cancer should be considered, especially if there is a hard or rapidly growing mass.
Frequently Asked Questions
The surgical technique depends on the amount of glandular and fatty tissue, and skin elasticity. If only excess fat is present, liposuction (lipomatic or VASER) may be sufficient. If glandular tissue is enlarged, excision is performed, and in many cases, both methods are combined for the best contour. The operation takes about 1–2 hours under general anesthesia, and most patients are discharged the same day.
Pre- and Postoperative Care
• No food for at least 6 hours before surgery.
• Stop smoking at least 3 weeks before.
• Discontinue blood thinners and vitamins 10 days prior.
• Avoid excessive sun exposure and tanning.
• Inform your surgeon about any infections.
After surgery, a compression garment is worn continuously for 4 weeks, then only during the day for another 2 weeks. This helps reduce swelling and shape the chest contour. Patients can shower after 3 days, return to work in about a week, and start light exercise after 2–3 weeks. Limiting arm and shoulder movements in the first weeks promotes faster healing.
Yes, as long as weight remains stable.
It helps reduce swelling and improves skin adaptation.
Mild cases may improve with diet or medication, but surgery is the most effective and permanent solution for significant enlargement.
Costs vary depending on the degree of enlargement, surgical method, hospital facilities, and surgeon’s experience.
For more information or an appointment:
+90 530 500 53 22
info@drkuntererten.com
Dr. Kunter Erten – Aesthetic, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery